The prolonged operation of semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs) needed for\nlong-duration exploration of the surface of Venus has proven insurmountably challenging\nto date due to the âË?¼ 460 ââ??¦C, âË?¼ 9.4 MPa caustic environment. Past and\nplanned Venus landers have been limited to a few hours of surface operation, even\nwhen IC electronics needed for basic lander operation are protected with heavily\ncumbersome pressure vessels and cooling measures. Here we demonstrate vastly\nlonger (weeks) electrical operation of two silicon carbide (4H-SiC) junction field\neffect transistor (JFET) ring oscillator ICs tested with chips directly exposed (no\ncooling and no protective chip packaging) to a high-fidelity physical and chemical\nreproduction of Venusââ?¬â?¢ surface atmosphere. This represents more than 100-fold\nextension of demonstrated Venus environment electronics durability. With further\ntechnology maturation, such SiC IC electronics could drastically improve Venus lander\ndesigns and mission concepts, fundamentally enabling long-duration enhanced\nmissions to the surface of Venus
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